CHOOSE ANY CAMPAIGN EITHER AN EXISTING ONE OR OF YOUR OWN THAT WILL OF Research Paper

Pick ANY CAMPAIGN EITHER AN EXISTING ONE OR OF YOUR OWN THAT WILL OF INTREST BY THE PRESS AND MENTION THAT I AM STUDENT OF WESTMINSTER - Research Paper Example In the previous 5 years, Salt Lake City School District has been fruitless at the surveys in its offer to demand citizens and voters to decide in favor of an expansion in fund’s portion to the school. The school needs citizens to help the school’s activities which have become too costly placing into thought the spending plan of the school. This is because of swelling and increment in product costs inside the state. The organization of the school intends to come back to the democratic field on November to facilitate its intrigue to the general population to concede the school more help. On the off chance that the toll proposed won't be decided in favor of, the school should cut its use by 21% and lessen its workforce by 26%1. The school will likewise experience issues in buying extra material for learning and extra-educational program exercises. The November political race is anticipated to pull in more voters due to the profoundly distributed money related emergencies in the school. The town of Salt Lake City and all its encompassing townships can be relied upon to benefit 4986 voters in the November 29, 2012 political decision. Thought the inclusion of the school’s administration areas goes even into the encompassing townships, 89% of the understudies of Salt Lake City School District originate from the Township of Salt Lake. About 52% of the enrolled voters in the area are ladies. It is fascinating additionally that among the all out voters, 49% have 50 or more years. The normal yearly pay in the township is $51,000 every year with a home estimation of $ 225,0002. It is essential to take note of that there is a quickly developing and dynamic gathering of activists who are against charge increments. The battle point was to guarantee that at any rate 2500 vote were for the duty. This would require inspiration of this individuals since the toll itself would lessen their overall gains. The past political race that was one year before the most recent political decision had 1102 voters supporting the duty that would cut the school on a decent money related position. The crusading

Strategic Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Key Managment - Assignment Example It includes the mission, vision and goals of the organization and furthermore the strategies and plans that are made to accomplish these targets. Key administration encourages the organization to choose about distributing assets and plans in various projects and activities (Sadler, 2003). Our inquiry pose to us to talk about and dissect the key abilities of HSBC and Oman International Bank during their merger in Oman. While applying a reasonable hypothesis from the key administration setting, we have chosen the SWOT examination structure for the given contextual analysis and in the accompanying areas we will talk about the different quality, shortcoming, opportunity and dangers part of these associations. HSBC has worked in Oman since 1948 and has chosen to consolidate its Oman branch with Oman global bank. Key ability and quality of HSBC in the merger can be expressed as the open door the bank will get the chance to put $97.4 million extra capital in a key economy like Oman in bay. As HSBC is available over yonder for a long time in Oman accordingly they have perceived that this merger as an open door which will give them heaps of chances in Oman. On the opposite side, OIB is the fifth biggest bank is Oman who had net resources of $3.2 billion toward the finish of December. The quality of the merger with HSBC Oman will give the organization enormous extra capital and the 60 years of working experience of HSBC and the merger won't impact on the posting of OIB on Muscat Securities Market. The shortcoming of HSBC Oman before the merger is that HSBC has absence of chance and the shortcoming of OIB is that it is in the fifth situation in the nation and has absence of potential staffs. This merger will make the biggest bank in Oman. Question 2 Identification and Critical assessment of the change the board style that I believe is fitting for the new association Change the executives can be characterized as a methodology which is utilized in progressing any group, org anization or any person to transform it in an ideal state. It is a methodical methodology which manages the change from both side of an organization and person. Change the executives has various perspectives which incorporates adjusting the change, controlling change and affecting change (Anderson, 2010). From the part of this case, I will get a kick out of the chance to relate it with the view purpose of Kurt Lewin’s change the executives style. The hypothesis is otherwise called the Unfreeze, Change, Freeze or refreezes (Liu, 2011). Unfreezing stage is the most significant stage in change the executives. It shows that the organization ought to be prepared to change. It includes the comprehension with respect to changes. The initial step includes moving an office or individual or whole business association towards the inspiration that change is important to get by in this regularly changing serious condition. The subsequent stage alludes to the progression towards change. Si nce change isn't occasion, it is a regular procedure. Progress is the inward development towards the change. It implies the organization is unfrozen and moving towards another structure. Solid abilities and backing is important in this phase through preparing and managing. Same if there should be an occurrence of HSBC bank Oman SOAG, new organization needs this change procedure to unfreeze itself to continue

Orgo and physics and math, oh my

Orgo and physics and math, oh my Believe it or not, one of the most enjoyable experiences of my MIT career so far was simply planning my class schedule for this semester. For some reason, Ive always been fascinated with schedules, calendars, planners all the inventions that, artificial constructs though they may be, nonetheless help govern and organize our lives. Combine that fascination with the fact that I was taking classes I was genuinely interested in, plus a general excitement to begin my second semester at MIT (keep in mind this was back during IAP, before Id started having to actually do any work for these classes), and you can hopefully understand why I was so excited to finally set my schedule. The final product looks something like this. There are a few things I like about this schedule, and a few things I dont like. I like, for example, that its symmetric about Wednesday. I like that I always have an hour or half-hour break after 11 am, which is great for getting lunch, catching up on email, or working on a p-set. I mostly like starting class at 10 am. And I really like that my day ends at 2 pm on Monday and Friday, since that leaves me with a solid four-hour block of time before dinner, which is really fantastic for getting research done. On the other hand, notice how I have six hours of class on Wednesday? 20.020 is pretty laid-back compared to my other classes, which is great, but still six hours is a long time for a college student! I mean, thats almost as much time as I spent in class in high school! Hopefully you found that last paragraph amusing, since I was being intentionally facetious (which is one my favorite words ever, by the way). But really, its true: even though you spend far less time actually in class as a college student, the level of intensity skyrockets. The professors move pretty quickly through the material, and sometimes even the most organized lecturers sometimes cant explain everything they would like to. If you dont know whats going on because you slept through a lecture or you didnt do the assigned reading, the professor simply cant go back and re-explain everything just for your benefit. Unlike high school, homework really is homework; you wont be given any time to do it during lecture and trying to finish a p-set while also taking notes is generally a bad idea. Thats not to say students dont get individual attention from professors at MIT. To the contrary, I think most professors really go out of their way to make sure theyre accessible to their students. After lecture, all professors stick around for at least a few minutes to answer any one-on-one questions people may have. Whether youre asking about a concept that you found to be unclear during lecture, bringing up an interesting additional point that wasnt raised at all during class, or maybe even asking for a UROP, the profs are definitely wiling to hear you out and help you in any way they can. Im not just saying that to make my professors look good I really do mean it. A case in point: last semester, Melis and I ended up having an awesome interview with Eric Lander who basically runs the Broad Institute, while also teaching 7.012 in his spare time an opportunity we seized simply because I took the time to ask Dr. Lander if hed be willing to do an interview one day after class. If youre interested, the transcript of the interview which Melis and I published in MITs Undergraduate Research Journal is available online here. Beyond the professors, MIT also has, like most colleges, teaching assistants (TAs). TAs are generally grad students, though in some classes theyre actually professors. In addition to generally helping out the lecturers and other course administrators with some of the grunt work that keeps classes running smoothly, TAs also run recitations. Recitations (which are limited to roughly 10-20 students) are basically your chance to review the material presented in lecture, run through some sample problems, and ask questions about the p-set in a relatively low-stress and personal zone. They also leave ample opportunity for general hilarity, but that sort of depends on the TA. Anyway, hopefully you found the last few paragraphs enlightening or, at least, interesting because Ive actually digressed quite a ways from my original goal of simply talking about my schedule. Since my classes are, basically, awesome. And now, here they are! (Presented, in true MIT fashion, by ascending numerical order.) 5.12 Organic Chemistry (5-0-7) In which we study Lewis dot diagrams, molecular structures, stereoisomerization, chirality, chair cyclohexanes, acid-base reactions, and much much more. Chemistry, biology, and the related engineering disciplines (a.k.a. Courses 5, 7, 10, and 20) all require this course, which also satisfies one of the GIRs. I enjoy the professors lecturing style, plus hes very organized and provides awesome lecture notes based on his PowerPoint presentations, which are in themselves very well done. The first test is Friday, so I guess Ill find out how much Ive learned pretty soon. [In case you were curious, the numbers X-Y-Z in parentheses indicate that the class entails X hours in lecture and/or recitation, Y hours in the lab or studio, and Z hours spent preparing outside of class (reading, p-seting, studying for tests). The sum C=X+Y+Z gives the total number of units each class is worth (usually 12).] 8.022 Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism with Theory (5-0-7) The logical follow-up to Physics I: Mechanics, I like to think of 8.022 as 8.012s little cousin. So far its been much more math-based than 8.012 was, which suits me just fine. Weve raced through the first three chapters of our textbook, covering Coulombs Law; the electric field; the definitions of divergence, curl, and flux in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems; the electric potential; Gauss Law; Faraday cages; and other fun electrical things. The class also features three optional labs, the first of which I did last week; pictures perhaps to follow. The professor is pretty good; and, ironically enough, my 8.012 professor from last term is now my TA. Small world, eh? Although I was a little anxious about taking this class, given my experiences with 8.012, Im happy to report things seem to be going well. On the whole 8.022 does seem easier, plus I now have a much better understanding of how to prepare for MIT tests in general. Although I had been prepared to switch into 8.02 if I found the material too hard or the pace too fast, we took our first test this morning and I did quite well so Im happy to report that it looks like Ill be sticking with it. 18.03 Differential Equations (5-0-7) Ah, math. I like this course a lot, in large part because differential equations are incredibly useful for basically every science and engineering discipline; in that respect, 18.03 is my first real engineering course. Just to show you how important differential equations are, according to our professor, about 140 courses at MIT require 18.03 as either a pre-prerequisite or co-requisite. Thats a lot of courses. So far weve covered slope fields, first-order linear ordinary differential equations, Eulers method, integrating factors, complex exponentials and roots, sinusoidal functions, and input/output models. I havent quite made up my mind about the professor yet some of the lectures were mediocre, but some (like the one on complex exponentials, including my favorite formula ever) were really awesome. Our first test is Wednesday whos excited!? 20.020 Introduction to Biological Engineering Design (3-3-3) This is easily the most unconventional course Im taking this semester, as well as one of the most fun. The first 3 up there refers to two 1.5-hour lectures held every week, except that lectures in 20.020 are really more like conversations between the two instructors and the other 25 or so students in the course. Each lecture starts off with a fun but thought-provoking challenge or workshop on the first day, for example, we built model airplanes. On the second day, we were supposed to deconstruct an ordinary tape recorder into as many individual components as possiblethen put it together the next day. It almost seems silly, but each challenge is supposed to make us think about how the real world applies to biology, ways we can make biology easier to engineer, how nature cleverly solves physical problems, and so on and it seems to work. In addition to lecture, we also have a three-hour studio period on Wednesdays (denoted by the second 3), which are designed to allow for sustained and/or creative thought on a particular topic. In the first week of class, for instance, we watched presentations from the iGEM Competition (2006 and 2007); in the third week, we gave presentations on the problems and issues that mattered most to us. Coming up with solutions to some of these problems is going to be the major focus for the rest of the course, so thats pretty exciting. 21W.746 Humanistic Perspectives on Medicine (3-0-9) Finally, we come to the humanities section of my life. Because MIT requires all students to take 8 classes in the humanities, arts, and social sciences, most students fulfill that requirement by taking one HASS class each semester theyre here. Last semester, though, I took four science classes (5.112, 7.012, 8.012, and 18.02) and no humanities, which turned out to be a pretty interesting experience. Its definitely doable, but even so, I wouldnt really recommend taking four science classes your first term unless youve given it a great deal of thought. Anyway, Im actually pretty happy to finally be taking a humanities class again, since it gives me an opportunity to exert parts of my brain that didnt get a ton of use during the first term, particularly my creative urges (general chemistry doesnt usually involve writing poems) and my forensic facilities (you cant really argue with a line integral). I consider the class Im taking right now to be a bit of a hybrid between a class on the history of medicine and a general survey of how doctors think, work, and act. 21W.746 has no formal lecture component; instead, we have two 1.5-hour discussions where we sit in a circle and discuss various topics as a group, sort of in the Socratic fashion. Outside of class, much of the focus is placed on completing the assigned readings since if you dont, you wont have anything productive to say during discussions (and will just sound like a fool when the professor inevitably calls on you to talk). There are no tests or p-sets; instead, our grade is determined by three major essays (the first, which required us to rewrite the Hippocratic Oath and justify our changes, was due last Thursday), peer review of each others writing, revising our essays based on our classmates reviews, a book review, an oral report, an oral presentation, and (of course) class participation. If that sounds like a lot, in some respects I guess it is but you have to understand that all of these assignments are spread out across the semester, so its pretty manageable if you work at it consistently. This entry is getting ridiculously long, plus I have quite a bit of work to do (i.e. studying for those 18.03 and 5.12 tests I mentioned) so Ill cut things off here. Before I go, though, a few miscellaneous thoughts, from most important to least: Decisions are about three weeks away! If your mental state is anything like mine was last year, I imagine that news is simultaneously terrifying and exhilarating. The release date has not been set yet, though (as usual) it should be around March 15th. Im sure Matt or Ben will make an announcement on the blogs as soon as they know for sure. I know its tough, but hang in there Im rooting for you guys. :) Although MITs online course catalog has a pretty decent course planner utility, I used a website called ATLAS instead. ATLAS is the brainchild of Scott 08, a Course 5 junior whos graduating a year early (!) and also happens to be pretty good at cooking up computer code. One of my fraternity brothers, Scott is known around the house for enjoying the finer things in life especially good food, sleeping in, and the scent of vanilla. Give ATLAS a whirl and see what your class schedule might look like next year! This comic pretty much sums up my life. xkcd knows me so well.

Technology at Its Roots The Evolution of the Computer

Technology at Its Roots Everyday we continue to invent new things to help technology march forward and evolve into something better. Computers need to be quicker, phones need more features, pictures need more clarity, and calls need to be clearer. No matter what the subject, if technology is involved, someone always desires to reinvent it and make it better. This idea is true when it comes to all forms of technology. We constantly want to improve our devices so they may fulfill our needs with more efficiency. However, where did it all start? What caused our rapid explosion of technology and our constant need to improve on the latest model? Simple, it all started with the computer. The first computer was very primitive when compared to†¦show more content†¦Instead, the ENIAC was put to use performing calculations for the hydrogen bomb, weather predictions, cosmic-ray analysis, thermal ignition, random number generation and wind-tunnel design (Computing 28). The ENIAC was the first multi-use computer that inspired thousands to think of new ways to invent and use these electric behemoths. Operating the ENIAC was no easy feat either! In order for the ENIAC to run all these tasks, it had to be programmed to do so. Input was made possible from an IBM card reader, where punched cards would be fed into the reader and the machine would interpret the data and get to work (Computering 28). Once that data entered the ENIAC, there was no interface or software to interact with like todays computers have, all it had was wiring and switches (Sobel 28). So in order to get answers to many complex calculations, six operators configured the 18,000 vacuum tubes and 3,000 switches to program the device so that they may compute the correct answer (Sobel 28). Without these programmers operating the ENIAC, not a single calculation would have occurred. Also from Eckert and Mauchly came the first commercially used computer, the Universal Automatic Computer, or the UNIVAC for sho rt. Invented in 1951, the UNIVAC was still huge when compared to todays standard for computers. It had 5,000 vacuum tubes and took up about a 25- by 50-ft. room (Betts 20). The key difference between the UNIVAC and the ENIAC is that the UNIVAC wasShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Technology1345 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s fast-paced, computer based society, everything seems to move at the speed of light. Text messages are exchanged in a matter of minutes, emails bring together corporate mergers, phone calls deliver life changing news; it’s nearly impossible to begin to differentiate between what is â€Å"high-tech† and what is just a part of everyday life. We have also developed a comfort in knowing things are constantly evolving. Technology is in a constant state of growth and becoming better and with technologicalRead MoreComputer Science Laboratory ( Csl )1264 Words   |  6 Pagesflat panel computer displays from large area amorphous sheets. Its been b elieved that The wall display was used as input for scanning images and electronic pens. These researchers anticipated such computer walls different than one person one-desktop computer convention. They got the idea of spreading computers ubiquitously and invisibly through environment from this idea. Concurrently, anthropologists from PARC (Lucy Suchman) were working on people s behaviour towards technology and they figuredRead MoreEvolution of Computer Technology1581 Words   |  7 Pagespeople into modern forms. Single inventors rarely bring out modern invention. What we have now as electronic devices (the computers) are inventions of several scientists, mathematicians and engineers from different centuries. 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In The Idea of Technology and Postmodern Pessimism   Leo Marx, a leading historian of technology and American culture, argues that while technological optimism had been the default mode of American culture throughout most of its history, technological pessimism asserted itself to an unprecedented degree in the second half of the twentieth century. His essay traces the roots of what he terms â€Å"postmodern pessimism† in the earlier, dominant technological optimism and the evolution of our terminologyRead MoreSecurity in the Computer World1132 Words   |  5 Pageswithout permission. The same thing applies in the computer world, with the only difference being that its virtual. There are closed networks and open networks. The closed networks are available for a person who belongs to that entity. On the other hand, open networks are available for the rest of the people. Previously, networks were designed as closed for a set of people and sites which do not connect to other people. With the advent of personal computers, LANs, and the wide-open world of the InternetRead MoreCognitive Psychology Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Cognitive Psychology Plynia Welty Psych 560 June 11, 2012 Brian Uldall Evolution of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology embarked on a revolutionary journey since the era of Saint Thomas Aquinas (Dr. King, 2012). St. Aquinas was the pioneering mind behind the idea that behavior can be divided into two areas, cognitive and effect. Logging empirical research on a subject provides practitioners a comprehensive view of the subject matter (Dr. King, 2012). In relationRead MoreThe Invention Of Artificial Intelligence1668 Words   |  7 Pages The idea that machines and technology can, and are, becoming â€Å"intelligent† is a scary thought. Throughout the history of technology, there has been a steady increase in the capabilities of software, and much research has gone into how these capabilities can be used to â€Å"better† our lives. In our lives today, we all use some form of Artificial Intelligence daily. Some of these activities include: using cellular apps (Google Maps, Siri, Cortana), playing video games, and listening to music. AlthoughRead More Agricult ure: Evolution or Devolution? Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesAgriculture: Evolution or Devolution? Considering that the alarming excess and continuing growth of the current world population (of humans) is directly tied to food production and availability, the question of how and why we even developed the technology of agriculture in the first place is becoming more and more relevant to human survival as we collectively continue to destroy the environment in which we live due in part to these very agricultural techniques and strategies that we are continuingRead MoreManagement Information Systems ( Mis )1172 Words   |  5 PagesMIS in US: Top ranking universities with average GRE scores Management Information Systems (MIS) has become a rapidly sought-after specialization in the past few decades. But the roots, of this specialization, are definitely not that new. Let s say, even Chitragupta, the god of scribes, was practicing MIS while keeping track of the deeds of humans, you know, for purposes of creating a database for good and bad karma. So, as you might have guessed already, MIS has to do with managing information

Csd 269 Study Guide Week 6 Essay - 2836 Words

Study Guides for Deaf People and Journey Text Readings Week 6 People Chapter 5 1. What kinds of parent-child interactions lead to language learning in babies? pointing, eye gazing, smiles, vocalizations, and engagement in games, nursery rhymes, and songs, family stories, and picture books 2. What categories do children’s first words usually fall into? names of animals, foods, toys, actions adjectives and social words (please, thank you, no, yes) 3. How does a sight-word reading vocabulary normally develop? when children see the words on paper, they associate the graphemes with a mental representation such as a picture, an experience, a sign or a spoken word 4. How do deaf readers store â€Å"reading by eye†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦hearing children might have reading, writing and spelling disorders and are unable to use phonological information in the literacy process, signs do no require auditory processing and auditory memory, allows the teacher to use multisensory approach and to capitalize on the visual learning s trengths of the student 18. Why might English literacy be especially important for deaf-blind children? it might be the only thing they can still do (read), braille (teletouch, telebraille-must know english) Chapter 7 NOTE: questions 10-16 cover cochlear implants. This topic will be explored in depth in a future lesson. 1. List three family activities that help children develop communication competence. informal conversations, storytelling, responding to child questions, allow the child to freely express feelings and opinions, all of which contribute to the childs communication competence 2. Does the first language a deaf child is exposed to always become the dominant language? Explain. the first language they are exposed to does not necessarily become their dominant language, may use ASL later in childhood, it may become their dominant language 3. Why is contact signing not advocated as a teaching method? English and ASL mixed, it does not provide children with an accurate model of either language 4. What is the difference between the auditory-verbal and auditory-oral approaches?Show MoreRelatedEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pagesinjury , the right to choose, the right to privacy, and right to freedom of speech and expression. Such standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are supported by consistent and well-founded reasons. 244 Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of personal ethical standards, as well as community ethics, in terms of behaviour, feelings, laws, and social habits and norms which can deviate from more universal ethical standards. So it is necessary to constantly examine one’s standardsRead MoreAnz Bank142091 Words   |  569 Pagesproducts and services that are designed with our customers in mind. ANZ ANNUAL REPORT 2014 1 2 ANZ ANNUAL REPORT 2014 CONTENTS Section 1 Section 3 Financial Highlights 5 Five Year Summary 196 Chairman’s Report 6 Principal Risks and Uncertainties 197 Chief Executive Officer’s Report 7 Supplementary Information 206 Directors’ Report 8 Shareholder Information 208 – Operating and Financial Review 12 Glossary of Financial

Rikki Tikki Tavi Free Essays

Andrew  Ward Period:  Ã‚  7 Date:  2/6/13 Rikki  Tikki  Tavi  Perseverance â€Å"This  is  the  story  of  the  great  war  that  Rikki  Tikki  Tavi  fought  single  handed, through  the  bathrooms  of  the  big  bungalow  in  segowlee cantonment. †(594). it  is  also  about  Rikki  Tikki’s  perseverance  by  continued effort  to  do  or  achieve  something  despite  difficulties,  failure,  or opposition. We will write a custom essay sample on Rikki Tikki Tavi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rikki  Tikki  shows  perseverance  by  going  on  journeys, overcoming  obstacles,  and  accomplishing  goals. Rikki’s  journeys  demonstrate  perseverance  because  he  was  washed  by  a flood  to  the  bungalow/garden  and  he  explored  the  garden  where  he  met Darzee  and  his  wife. Rikki  was  washed  away  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One  day,  a  high  summer flood  washed  him  out  of  the  burrow  where  he  lived  with  his  father  and mother,  and  carried  him,  kicking  and  clucking,  down  a  roadside ditch†(594). Rikki  stopped  by  finding  a  wisp  of  grass  and  held  onto  it,  but lost  his  senses. Rikki  found  himself  on  the  middle  of  a  garden  path  were teddy,  a  little  boy,  found  Rikki. After,  Teddy  and  his  family  helped  Rikki back  on  his  feet,  Rikki  Ã¢â‚¬Å"then  went  outside  into  the  garden  to  see  what  was to  be  seen†(596). It  was  Darzee  the  tailor  bird  and  his  wife,  who  made  a beautiful  nest. But  lost  an  egg  and  was  eaten  by  Nag†(596 ­597). Nag  is  a 8ft  long  snake  with   a  symbol  on  his  hood  who  he  say  he  got  it  from  god. Rkki  found  Darzee  while  he  was  sniffing  around  he  heard  a  very  sorrowful voice  how  was  Darzee  and  his  wife. Since  there  were  snakes  in  the garden  stayed  since  each  mongoose  wants  to  be  a  household  pet. Even though  he  was  almost  killed  by  Nagaina,  Nag’s  wife  who  looks  exactly  like him. How to cite Rikki Tikki Tavi, Essay examples

The Irony of Humanity in The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel

Introduction The story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel is one of the most famous novels in its genre. The adventures of the main characters became the plot of the several movies. The Most Dangerous Game is a story about hunting of man another man in the isolated island.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Irony of Humanity in The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim of this essay is to analyze the theme of the irony of humanity in The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel. The Confrontation between Rainsford and Zaroff Rainsford is one of the main characters of the story. One day, he found himself in the small island in the Caribbean. He encountered Cossacks there. Zaroff, one of them, wants to kill Rainsford. The hunting started. When Rainsford and Zaroff met, Zaroff said that â€Å"Hunting tigers ceased to interest me some years ago. I exhausted their possibi lities, you see. No thrill left in tigers, no real danger. I live for danger, Mr. Rainsford† (Connel n.pag.). It should be noted that Rainsford was the inveterate hunter and he enjoyed hunting the animals. Hunting was the big game for him. However, he could not imagine that he would be the object of hunting himself. Zaroff told to Rainsford about his own hobby in the island, â€Å"Here in my preserve on this island,† he said in the same slow tone, â€Å"I hunt more dangerous game.† Rainsford expressed his surprise. â€Å"Is there big game on this island?† The general nodded. â€Å"The biggest.†Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Really?† (Connel n.pag.) The hunting of Zaroff and his pursuit of Rainsford represented the big game and the most dangerous one. The Irony of Humanity Richard Connel used certain literary techniques to endo w his story with the inner meaning. In particular, he uses the allegory and irony in order to provide an insight into the good and evil sides in the story. Irony is defined as â€Å"a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude to which is actually or ostensibly stated† (Irony n.pag.). The irony of the Rainsford world outlook surrounds his story. On the one hand, he thinks that hunting the animals is not a murdering but he is convinced that Zaroff is the murderer because he hunts people, on the other hand. In addition, Rainsford says that the animals do not have a feeling of fear justifying the hunting and its ethical background this way. However, it seems that the feeling of fear is the exactly what he experienced when he has realized that he is the target of the hunter himself. Ironically, the arrogance and violence characterize both the hunter and the hunted (Richard Connel-Writing Style n.pag). The theme of irony of humanity is evident not only in the world perception and personal views of Rainsfrod but also in the contradictions evident in the life on the island. The author tries to show us that although the modern world is generally characterized by the high level of development and civilization, the countries are still hunting each other for the resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Irony of Humanity in The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even those countries which proclaim the highest standards of living and democratic values continue using primitive and unethical ways of gaining more resources and benefits. The war and military interventions are some of such ways. Conclusion In order to sum up all above mentioned, it should be said that The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel represents a captivating story about the adventures in the Caribbean island. However, the story is not only interesting from the point of its fascinating plot. Rather, the inner meaning makes it valuable from the literary point of view. The irony of humanity is one of the central themes in the story. The author tries to make us think about the contradictions and the shortcomings of the modern world and the international relations. Works Cited Connel, Richard n.d., â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. Classic Short Stories. Web. http://www.classicshorts.com/stories/danger.html â€Å"Irony† Dictionary.reference.com. n.d. Web. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/irony â€Å"Richard Connel-Writing Style† WordPress.com n.d. Web. https://richardconnelthemostdangerousgame.wordpress.com/writing-style/ This essay on The Irony of Humanity in The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connel was written and submitted by user Matthias Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Job Opportunity Listening Comprehension Quiz

A Job Opportunity Listening Comprehension Quiz In this  listening comprehension  you will hear two people talking about a new job opportunity. You will hear the listening twice. Write down the answers to the questions. After you have finished, click on the arrow to see if you have answered the questions correctly. Listen to the Job Opportunity listen comprehension. A Job Opportunity Listening Quiz Who needs a job?Where is she?Who is offering the job?What is the position?What is the pay?What requirements are asked for?What type of person is desired?What can she earn besides the salary? Listening Dialogue Transcript Woman 1: Hey, I think I found a job that might interest Sue. Where is she?Woman 2: Shes not in today. Went on a trip to Leeds, I think. What is it? Woman 1: Well, its from a magazine called London Week which claims to be the only newspaper for visitors to London.Woman 2: What do they want? A reporter?   Woman 1: No, its what they call a sales executive has to sell with unique benefits of the magazine to agencies and clients in London.Woman 2: Hmmm, could be interesting. How much does it pay? Woman 1: Fourteen thousand plus commission.Woman 2: Not bad at all! Do they specify what they want? Woman 1: Sales people with up to two years of experience. Not necessarily in advertising. Sues got plenty of that.Woman 2: Yeah! Nothing else? Woman 1: Well, they want bright, enthusiastic young people.Woman 2: No trouble there! Any other details about job conditions? Woman 1: No, just the commission on top of the salary.Woman 2: Well, lets tell Sue! Shell be in tomorrow I expect.   Language Notes In this listening selection, the English you hear is colloquial. Its not slang. However, many short common phrases such as Is there, Are there, Thats, etc., as well as question beginnings are sometimes dropped. Listen for the context of the phrases, and the meaning will be clear. These types of short phrases are necessary when writing, but are often dropped in casual conversation. Here are a few examples from the listening selection: Any other details about job conditions?Nothing else?Not bad at all! Understand but Dont Copy Unfortunately, spoken English is often much different than the English we learn in class. Verbs are dropped, subjects are not included, and slang is used. While its important to notice these differences, its probably best to not copy the speech, especially if its slang. For example, in the United States many people use the word like in a wide variety of situations. Understand that the like is not necessary, and understand based on the context of the conversation. However, dont pick up this bad habit just because a native speaker uses it! Listening Quiz Answers   SueOn a trip to LeedsA magazine - London WeekA sales executive14,000Sales people with up to two years experienceBright and enthusiasticA commission

Pronouncing the Spanish E Sound

Pronouncing the Spanish E Sound The Spanish vowel e has a sound that can vary depending on its location in a word. Its pronunciation also varies somewhat among various regions and even with individual speakers. Pronouncing the Spanish E The most common sound for e is much like the English e sound in word such as test and wrench. This sound is especially common when the e is located between two consonants. Sometimes, the e is similar to the vowel sound in English words such as say - but shorter. Some explanation is in order here. If you listen carefully, you may notice that for many English speakers the vowel sound in say is made up of two sounds  - theres an eh sound that glides into an ee sound, so the word is pronounced something like seh-ee. When pronouncing the Spanish e, only the eh sound is used - theres no glide into an ee sound. (In fact, if you pronounce the glide, it becomes the Spanish diphthong ei rather than e. As one native speaker using the nickname Didi explained in our forum: As a native Id say that the most accurate pronunciation for that e sound is like that in bet or met. The sound of ace has an extra vowel sound that makes it unsuitable. The variable nature of the e sound also was explained well in this forum post by Mim100: The simple vowel e can be rendered anywhere across a range of tongue heights, from roughly mid-low (or mid-open), resembling what you hear as por-KEH, to mid-high (or mid-closed), resembling what you hear as por-KAY. The key feature of the simple vowel e is that it is pronounced somewhere within that range of tongue height and that the tongue does not change height or shape during the course of pronouncing the vowel. Standard Spanish does not distinguish between words based on how open or closed the vowel e happens to be pronounced. You may hear a more open pronunciation more often in closed syllables (syllables that end in a consonant), and you may hear a more closed pronunciation more often in open syllables (syllables that end in a vowel). All this may make the pronunciation sound a bit more difficult than it is. Pay attention to how you hear native speakers pronounce the vowel and youll soon have it mastered. Phrases pronounced by native speakers in this​ audio lesson on pronouncing the e are  ¿Cà ³mo est usted? Muy bien, gracias,  ¿y usted? Buenos dà ­as, seà ±or and Hola,  ¿quà © tal?

Behavioural Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Behavioural Finance - Essay Example It is very clear that some of the participants in the market do not make rational decisions which translate to mistakes. However, astute market players get the chance to capitalize on such mistakes. For instance, a rational investor can take the decision to buy when there is market crash resulting from speculative behavior (Mussweiller & Schneller, 2003, p. 124). Given a risk-adjusted basis, rational investors can beat market performance in a consistent manner. According to the perfect market hypothesis, prices reflect the full information about the market. This has the implication that an investor cannot beat the market unless he or she has inside information. A number of indices have been created with the aim of mimicking market performance. Research studies indicate that index funds account for almost 10 percent of the U.S. stock market capitalization and 60 percent of the money flowing into mutual funds. Despite the increasing euphoria towards passive management, there is active management which has enabled investors beat market bearing returns. Behavioral finance insists that investors are irrational in their decisions and that it is easy to partly predict future performance of stocks using their past performance. Careful analysis of the past trends of the tocks has the advantage of making it possible to outperform the market (Mulino, Scheelings, Brooks & Faff, 2009, p. 50). Rational investors can outperform because there exists inefficiencies in the capital market which create investment opportunities. Rational investors outperform the market because irrational investors often find themselves in the bottom part of the distribution pattern. There is some level of disconnection between stock performance and stock market valuation. The existence of irrational investors has resulted in the markets being driven by emotions rather than logic (Dreman, Johnson, MacGregor & Slovic, 2001, p. 127). However, research studies indicate that logic often triumphs over em otions. Irrational investors tend to lose while logic investors record gains. Most of the investors in the market do not bother to look at the fine details of their investment portfolios. Instead they look for information such as who are investing in the same portfolio and this has the negative effect of encouraging wrong decisions. There are a number of situations that a rational investor can exploit and record superior performance that the market. Theoretically, this is possible even though no investor has ever recorded consistent returns above market expectations (Statman, Fisher & Anginer, 2008). First, a rational investor can do a comprehensive homework and identify small cap stocks that in most cases are not well followed. Such stocks are often ignored by equity funds because of the fear of high risks associated with small companies. Furthermore, such companies are not well known in Wall Street and this makes it possible for most of the investors to ignore them (Caginalp, 2002 , p. 73). A rational investor can identify such companies and analyze their prospects for superior returns. The small cap firms have a potential of recording higher returns than the market because their true value has not been influenced by speculations. Second, the market sometimes overdoes its pessimism for a number of individual companies as well as certain sectors (Bruce, 2003, p. 125). The situation

Decartes' Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decartes' Argument - Essay Example We look at and feel the objects around us with our senses- thus our senses are the gateway to understand the phenomena of the world. However, our senses and perceptions are defined in different ways. Sometimes we do not feel the same way about certain things at different times. As we grow from our infancy to adulthood and beyond, our perceptions change with time, our experiences, and learning. Therefore, we cannot depend upon our senses to comprehend or understand the nature of objects or the world itself. Our senses give us a limited knowledge about other objects or ourselves. For instance, we can sense or feel physical or emotional pain through our senses; yet we cannot ascertain the duration of pain from our previous experiences. This is an everyday example that manifests the limitation of trusting our senses. Descartes argued that passion led by reason can be trusted to a greater extent. This is because with each new experience, we learn something new about the way we perceive the world with our senses. If our reasoning faculty is in charge of our senses, we can broaden the areas where we can trust our senses. The claim is that if, in any particular case, the teachings of nature were untrustworthy, then the veracious God would have given us the means to correct it... we can ... trust the teachings of nature and believe that our sensations proceed from bodies, in spite of the fact that our inclinations are not always trustworthy. But, when another faculty, reason, of course, gives us the means to correct the teachings of nature, then they must be rejected... In the end, Descartes uses sensation to establish the existence of bodies, he is very careful to claim that sensation, by itself, does not establish the nature of bodies. (Rorty, 106) This is where other philosophers object to Descartes argument. He believes that senses do not belong to the material world as they keep changing with the change in objects; or sometimes convey incorrect perception of

Distress and Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Distress and Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetic Patients The present study measured the Distress and Quality of life of type II diabetic patients-of the two groups, group 1 and Group 2. It also assessed the correlation between Distress and Quality of life and their subdivisions such as, the correlation between Distress, emotional distress, physician distress, regimen distress, interpersonal distress; Quality of life, energy and mobility, diabetes control, anxiety and worry, sexual functioning and social burdens using Pearson’s correlation. This study also measured the difference in Distress and Quality of Life between group 1 and group 2. The first objective of the present study was to measure the Distress and Quality of life in type II Diabetic patients. This was done by using two scales, Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS17) and Diabetes 39 (D39). The frequencies and normal distribution of Distress among group 1 and group 2 shown in Figure 1 portray that there is high Distress among the participants in group 1 than in group 2; where high score indicate high Distress. Similar findings were found in a study done by Fisher, Skaff, Mullan, Arean, Glasgow Masharani (2008), an increase in distress upto 60% was present over a period of time. In Figure 2, the frequencies and normal distribution of Quality of life of group 1 and group 2 were shown which portrays that group 2 has higher Quality of Life than group 1, where low score represents high Quality of life. The second objective was to find if there exists a correlation between Distress and Quality of Life. Research review shows that there was a significant relationship between Distress Quality of life (Wu, Huang, Liang, Wang, Lee Tung, 2011). Owing to the scoring pattern, the present study showed similar results with a positive correlation between the scores of Distress and Quality of life i.e., higher score of Distress and high score of Quality of Life. However, it is to be interpreted as a negative relationship between distress and quality of life as is implied by their scoring pattern, where higher scores in distress represents higher distress whereas higher scores in quality of life represents lower Quality of life. Thus, it may be interpreted that higher the Distress, lower the Quality of Life and there was a relation established between higher Distress and Lower Quality of life. The third objective of the study was to find the difference between group 1 and group 2 of Distress and Quality of life, to find the difference between participants practicing faith based yoga as a complimentary intervention aside from the allopathy medications and participants just using the medication. There were many previous studies showing, certain management techniques have a great impact on controlling the blood sugar levels (Singh, Tandon Sharma, 2005). It was found that the Distress among group 1 was high compared to group 2. Same trend was demonstrated in all the dimensions of Distress such as emotional distress, physician distress, regimen distress and interpersonal distress. similar finding were reported by Sharma, Sen, Singh, Bharadwaj, Kochupillai Singh (2003), where type II Diabetic patients practicing sudarshana kriya were found to be experiencing low level of stress. Though both the groups differed significantly in all the dimensions of distress, the difference bet ween the groups was higher in the emotional distress dimension. As indicated by the earlier studies such as those by Snoek Polonsky (2000); Rock (2003); Pouwer (2009) that individuals diagnosed with Diabetes have emotional disturbances due to various reasons such as medication, frequent visits to hospital, comorbid conditions of Diabetes etc. Going by the dimensions of Distress, high Distress was found to be in the dimensions of Emotional Distress, followed by regimen distress, physician distress and interpersonal distress in group 1. As there was a correlation seen between Distress and Quality of life, the same was reflected in the results where group 2 had better Quality of life than group 1, where high score represents low Quality of life. Going by the dimensions, group 2 had higher Quality of life in the dimensions of energy and mobility, social burdens, diabetes control, sexual functioning and anxiety and worry. This is in accordance to the previous finding which state that there was an improvement in the Quality of life in people diagnosed with type II Diabetes who were practicing yogic breathing techniques, sudarshana kriya and pranayama (Jyothsna, Joshi, Ambedkar, Kumar, Dhawan Sreenivas, 2012). The complimentary management technique use not only gives the patients physical relaxation but it also gives them the psychological relaxation. Hence, they might act upon the lowering of Distress and higher Quality of Life of the patient. This complimentary technique gives physical, psychological as well as social outcomes. Physical outcomes are described by medical literature in multiple ways. Psychological outcomes are seen in terms of relaxation and as seen in the outcomes of lowered distress and enhanced quality of life. Togetherness with people with similar diagnosis doing an effort to manage the disease condition might contribute to the social angle. Thus, the complimentary management technique used by the group in the present study seems to have contributed effectively as indicated by low Distress and better Quality of life and their dimensions. The importance of Art of living in decreasing the Distress and enhancing the Quality of Life has been understood. Many studies have also kept forward their view on the benefits a person could achieve following Faith based yoga. As mentioned earlier by many of the physicians across the globe, Faith based yoga can be an effective intervention complimenting the allopathy medicine. Therefore, this study can contribute to the existing studies supporting this view where people can decrease their Distress and enhance their Quality of life and their dimensions to effectively control Diabetes. Shortcomings and future directions The major shortcoming of this study is the sample size, larger sample would have provided better representation of the characteristics of the population. Another major shortcoming of this study was administering the scales in group (in the Art of living centres), this could have prompted the participants to give socially desirable responses. Future recommendations of this study would be to compare the participants practicing Art of living above 10 years and below 10 years, this would give more insight on the long term effects of practicing Art of Living. Future research may also be conducted comparing the impact of various forms of Faith based yoga such as Brahma kumaries, Christian Yoga, Vipasana etc. on type II Diabetic patients. Study would have yielded clearer results if there was a pre and post interventional design. That is measurement of Distress and Quality of Life on participants before they practiced Faith based yoga and after practicing the same for a considerable period o f time such as one year or more. This would have yielded a clear effect of faith based yoga. Further research may be conducted in this direction.

Marketing the $100 Laptop

The idea of â€Å"One Laptop Per Child† that was thought up by Negroponte was designed to offer essentially a $100 Laptop to needy children around the world to promote the use of technology in the classroom and home as an educational tool. Negroponte believed that children around the world who privileged enough to own or even access a computer were at a severe disadvantage when it came to education. The first challenge that the OLPC faced was how to design and mass-produce the $100 laptop. The issues that the design team faced was rooted in the conditions faced in the countries that the laptop would be used, not only environmental conditions but also resource availability such as electricity and Internet coverage. Another challenge that the OLPC faced was how to convince the governments that this was the â€Å"best investment† to not only improve the education in their country but also assist in their fight against poverty. With regards to the design issues and ability to make the idea a reality I think they have done a great job. They have met all the design needs of the involved countries and sourced a producer that matches the demands while offering effective pricing. In my opinion I think they have done a fair job in showing the true benefits that these laptops can provide to communities that are not privileged enough to have computers and internet in every household. The strategic placements in come communities to get the attention of the governments was a great idea like in Uruguay but I believe they should have donated more to create a bigger hype and better opinion of in the news. The difficulties with marketing the OLPC to governments were based on government’s agenda matched by their budgets. What I mean by this is that if a government decides to invest a certain proportion of their budget to the OLPC then it has to be cut from some other department, which many governments could not justify. The spending of millions on laptops for children over a health program or more teachers for classrooms was a debate faced by all involved governments and created a major hurdle for OLPC to overcome. In my opinion there are two strategic options that OLPC could undertake, the first option would be to go ahead and get project underway without the firm commitments in an attempt to grab market share through first mover advantage created by being the only sub $200 laptop and then continue to market it to governments by showing benefits through real results. The other strategic option would be to join up with one of the currently successful companies to create a unified product such as the Lenovo OLPC using combined expertise and solid customer base and distribution network to bring down overall costs and make the $100 laptop a reality out of the gates.

The Ten Avenues Of Revelation - 1218 Words

The ten avenues of Revelation are: â€Å"The Lot, The Urim and Thummim, Dreams, Visions, Theophanies, Angels, Prophets, Events, Jesus Christ and The Bible.†1 The Lot is used as a form of communication from God to man. Lots were stones which were used that were casted to make decisions and one sees this where God makes the final outcome of these lots which are casted. The Urim and Thummim were gemstones that were carried on the high priest s breastplate and used as lots to make decisions on situations through Gods will. Dreams were used by God and still are as a means of special revelation to reveal truths to others. Visions is another form of revelation by God for a vision which is heard. Theophanies were appearances of God is the physical sense in the form of angels to people during the Old Testament period. Angels were used by the Lord as a means of communication from Him to mankind. Prophets were those who had God s word inspired to them directly and spoke and taught that w ord to others. Events are a things that happen that shows God s revelation for instance God parting the Red Sea. Jesus Christ is the supreme form of special revelation where God came in human form to reveal Himself to us in order to bring us salvation. The Bible is another form of special revelation that God uses to speak to us about who He is and in teaching mankind. The Contemporary Views of Revelation hold certain standards in their interpretation standards. These standards are based off of one’sShow MoreRelatedThe Hebrew Bible, By Marc Zvi Brettler1390 Words   |  6 Pagesthe assumption every reader holds a familiarity with it. Clarity comes alongside the resolution that applying the historical-critical method to the Scriptures does not set out to destroy the Hebrew Bible s importance. 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Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points - 1714 Words

Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points provided a partial model of his diplomatic approach, since he promised democracy and self-determination for Europe, particularly for countries under enemy occupation during the First World War or for subject people in the Ottoman, German and Hapsburg Empires. None of these survived the war, and the Poles, Czechs and other Europeans did gain national homelands, although this was not the case for the non-white subject peoples of the British and French Empires. Nor did it even hold true for the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean, where Wilson intervened during World War I. Indeed, Haiti was occupied from 1915-34 and the Dominican Republic from 1916-24, while Wilson intervened repeatedly in the Mexican Revolution. Moreover, at the end of World War I, Britain and France divided up Germanys African colonies between them, and also maintained control over the Arab parts of the former Ottoman Empire as trusteeships. Although Wilson is generally consider ed idealistic and well-meaning, in the Fourteen Points he ended up making many promises that the U.S. government had neither the power nor even the desire to carry out, particularly in its treatment of Germany, Russia, Turkey and the colonial peoples around the world. Nor were the other Great Powers ever likely to willingly give up their own colonies and spheres of influence while the U.S. held onto its own. Nor were Wilsons hopes for the League of Nations ever fulfilled for he died in 1924Show MoreRelatedWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points2163 Words   |  9 Pagespursuing negotiations of peace and cease fire, not from their European counterparts, but from American President Woodrow Wilson . 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A Father of the Nation The sacrifice Abraham Lincoln Essay

The sacrifice Abraham Lincoln gave to the country did not just involve his time, but his life as well. Leading up to his death, Lincoln became known as many things, a leader, an orator, and a martyr. There is extensive research into his life on the type of man he was and had to become through the war. He had to change from a lawyer to a man willing to go above and beyond for his homeland. Many argue that he was a God-fearing man, others that he did not have a God to even believe in. The main idea though that stayed constant during the war was his great desire to keep the Union together. Other viewpoints had to grow and progress just as Lincoln had to up until his death. Lincoln’s call for a strong Union was seen when looking through†¦show more content†¦Lincoln already had in his mind the idea that the spread of slavery needed to be stopped where it was, but it was not his ultimate goal to remove it from the nation. 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A while after Lincoln was invited to make a few remarks at a ceremony consecrating a new cemetery for the Union Soldiers. That

Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on Voip over Free Essays

string(125) " experiments will receive two types of modes: i\) one-to-one call conversation; ii\) multi conference call \(many-to-many\)\." Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on VoIP over Wireless LAN in Campus Environment Mohd Nazri Ismail Department of MIIT, University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), MALAYSIA mnazrii@miit. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on Voip over or any similar topic only for you Order Now unikl. edu. my Abstract- In this research, we propose to implement Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) on VoIP services in campus environment. Today, the deployment of VoIP in campus environment over wireless local area network (WLAN) is not considered on security during communication between two parties. Therefore, this study is to analyzed SRTP performance on different VoIP codec selection over wired. We have implemented a real VoIP network in University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Malaysia. We use softphone as our medium communication between two parties in campus environment. The results show that implementation of SRTP is able to improve the VoIP quality between one-to-one conversation and multi conference call (many-to-many). In our experiment, it shows that iLBC, SPEEX and GSM codec are able to improve significantly the multi conference (many-to-many) VoIP quality during conversation. In additional, implementation of SRTP on G. 711 and G. 726 codec will decrease the multi conference (many-to-many) VoIP quality. Keywords- Codecs, Softphone, SRTP, WLAN I. INTRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKS University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) has implemented a real VoIP over wireless LAN in campus environment. This implementation is not covered any security features. Therefore, the objective of this study is to enable the security function using Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP). We will study the performance of SRTP on different codec such as G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. iLBC is a speech codec developed for robust voice communication over IP, it uses 13. 33 Kbps. It provides low delay and high packet loss robustness for low-bit rate codec’s. SPEEX codec is open source patent-free audio compression format designed for speech. Codec is an algorithm used to encode and decode the voice conversation. Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) defines a profile of Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP), intended to provide ncryption, message authentication and integrity and replay protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. Previous work is to evaluate the trade-off existing between quality of service and security when SRTP [6] is employed to protect RTP (Real Time Protocol) sessions on VoIP calls [5]. There is no such study has been conducted on comparison of VoIP one-to-one call and multi conference call (many-to-many) perfo rmance using SRTP functionality. With its promise of inclusion, innovation, and growth, VoIP also brings challenges. VoIP is not easy to secure. It suffers all of the problems associated with any Internet application, and VoIP security is complicated by its interconnection to the PSTN. A host of trust, implementation, and operational complexities make securing VoIP particularly complex. In fact, the same aspects that make the VoIP software model so powerful—its flexible, open, distributed design—are what make it potentially problematic [7][8]. Various security requirements have to be met to secure VoIP transmission: Authentication, Privacy and Confidentiality, Integrity, Non repudiation, Non replay and Resource availability [9]. The threats faced by a VoIP are similar to other applications including: unwanted communication (spam), privacy violations (unlawful intercept), impersonation (masquerading), theft-of service, and denial-of-service [10]. II. METHODOLOGY We have setup a real wireless network environment to analyze and measure implementation of VoIP service using security function (SRTP) at University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) in Malaysia. This study posits several research questions: i) what is the STRP performance level of the VoIP over WLAN based on one-to-one call and multi conference call? nd ii) which codecs are able to provide better improvement of VoIP conversation? Figure 2. 1 and Figure 2. 2 show the flow of VoIP conversation call between one-to-one and multi conference. We measure our voice quality using human perception. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) technique is the best approach to measure and ISSN : 0975-3397 898 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineer ing Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 validate voice quality between one-to-one call and multi conference call. Figure 2. 3 shows the measurement of VoIP performance over WLAN using SRTP implementation. We also test on different codecs selection such G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. III. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Figure 2. 1: VoIP over One-to-One Conversation This section measures and compares VoIP performance over WLAN using SRTP function. In voice and video communication, quality usually dictates whether the experience is a good or bad one. Besides the qualitative description we hear, like ‘quite good’ or ‘very bad’, there is a numerical method of expressing voice and video quality. It is called Mean Opinion Score (MOS). MOS can be tested using: i) human perception; ii) simulation model; and iii) automated system [1] [2]. MOS gives a numerical indication of the perceived quality of the media received after being transmitted and eventually compressed using codecs. MOS is expressed in one number, from 1 to 5, 1 being the worst and 5 the best. MOS is quite subjective; as it is based figures that result from what is perceived by people during tests (refer to Table 3. 1). We will select five different users to evaluate and rate the VoIP performance using SRTP and without SRTP functionality. When users cannot get a dial tone or there are excessive delays in ringing the other party’s phone, VoIP performance is unacceptable. Call quality is a function of packet loss rate, delay, and jitter is typically represented as a MOS [3], [4]. Table 3. 1: Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Ratings Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Ratings Excellent 5 (Perfect. Like face-to-face conversation Figure 2. 2: VoIP over Many-to-Many (Multi Conference) Conversation Good Fair Poor Bad or radio reception) 4 (Fair. Imperfections can be perceived, but sound still clear. This is (supposedly) the range for cell phones) 3 (Annoying) 2 (Very annoying. Nearly impossible to communicate) 1 (Impossible to communicate) Figure 3. shows the configuration of codec protocol such as G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. This 3CX softphone is able to active ‘Echo Cancellation’ and ‘SRTP’. The VoIP experiments will receive two types of modes: i) one-to-one call conversation; ii) multi conference call (many-to-many). You read "Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on Voip over" in category "Essay examples" Figure 3. 2 shows the result of VoIP one-to-one conversation. Figure 3. 3 shows the result of VoIP multi conference (many-to-many) call. Figure 2. 3: Measurement and Evaluation of VoIP over WLAN using SRTP Approach ISSN : 0975-3397 899 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 2, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 improvement on VoIP quality performance and at the same time able to provide element of security (refer to Table 3. 3 and Figure 3. 5). The significant improvement is GSM and SPEEX codecs after implemented SRTP. Table 3. 2: Multi Conference without SRTP User Codec Figure 3. 1: 3CX Softphone Codec and SRTP Configuration G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 3 4 1 2 5 User 2 3 3 1 2 4 User 3 2 3 1 3 4 User 4 3 4 1 2 4 User 5 2 4 1 2 5 Figure 3. 2: One-to-One Call Conversation Result Figure 3. 4: Users Rate VoIP for Multi Conference Call Without SRTP Table 3. : Multi Conference with SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX Figure 3. 3: Multi Conference Call ( many-tomany) Conversation Result Most of the users agreed and rates this VoIP without SRTP will provide a good quality for G. 711 and G. 726 codecs. Other users agreed and rates 4 to 5 ratings for SPEEX codec without using SRTP during multi conference conversation (refer to Table 3. 2 and Figure 3. 4). After implemented SRTP on VoIP during multi conference session occurs, it shows some User 1 2 3 4 5 5 User 2 1 3 4 5 5 User 3 1 2 3 4 5 User 4 2 2 3 4 5 User 5 1 2 3 4 5 ISSN : 0975-3397 900 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 Table 3. 5: One-to-One Call with SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 2 3 2 4 5 User 2 1 3 2 4 4 User 3 1 2 2 4 5 User 4 2 2 2 4 4 User 5 2 3 2 4 5 Figure 3. 5: Users Rate VoIP for Multi Conference Call With SRTP Most of the users agreed and rates this VoIP oneto-one call without SRTP will also provide low quality for G. 711, G. 726 and GSM codecs. Other users agreed and rates 3 and 5 ratings for iLBC and SPEEX codecs without using SRTP during one-to-one call (refer to Table 3. and Figure 3. 6). After implemented SRTP on VoIP during one-to-one session occurs, it shows significant improvement on VoIP quality performance for G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX over WLAN (refer to Table 3. 5 and Figure 3. 7). Table 3. 4: One-to-One Call Without SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 2 1 2 3 5 User 2 2 2 2 3 4 User 3 2 1 2 4 4 User 4 1 1 1 3 4 U ser 5 1 2 2 4 4 Figure 3. 7: Users Rate VoIP for One-to-One Call with SRTP Figure 3. 8 and Figure 3. 9 show the average MOS score for VoIP conversation over one-to-one call and multi conference call (many-to-many), respectively. VoIP Conversation over Multi Conference Call: Before implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 is 2. 5, 3. 5 for G. 726, 1 for GSM, 2. 1 for iLBC and 4. 5 for SPEEX. After implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 and G. 726 are decreased the ratings approximately 1 to 2. 5. GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs show the average MOS score are 3. 5, 4. 5 and 5. GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codec show the increasing of VoIP performance after implemented SRTP (refer to Figure 3. 8). VoIP Conversation over One-to-One Call: Before implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 is 1. , 1. 4 for G. 726, 1. 8 for GSM, 3. 5 for iLBC and 4. 2 for SPEEX. After implemented SRTP, the average MOS score shows the significant improvement for G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs. Therefore, implementation of SRTP can improve the VoIP quality performance for one-to-one call over WLAN (refer to Figure 3. 9). Figure 3. 6: Users Rate VoIP for One-to-One Call without SRTP ISSN : 0975-3397 901 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 dependency conditions that could influence voice quality. Future work, we will extend our experiment on VoIP over VPN implementation in Campus environment. References [1]. Moura N. T. ; Vianna B. A. ; Albuquergue C. V. N; Rebello V. E. F Boeres C. â€Å"MOS-Based Rate Adaption for VoIP Sources†. IEEE International Conference on Communication, pp. 628-633, 2007. [2]. Masuda M. Ori K. â€Å"Delay Variation Metrics for Speech Quality Estimation of VoIP†. Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEIC) Technical Report, Vol. 101(11), pp. 101-106, 2001. [3]. R. G. Cole J. H. Rosenbluth. â€Å"Voice over IP Performance Monitoring†. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Rev. Vol. 31(2), pp. 9-24, 2001. [4]. L. Ding R. Goubran. â€Å"Speech Quality Prediction in VoIP Using the Extended e-Model. Global Telecommunication Conference, GLOBECOM ’03. IEEE, Vol. 7, pp. 3974-3978, 2003. [5]. Alexandre P. ; Edjair M. ; Edjard M. â€Å"Analysis of the Secure RTP Protocol on Voice over Wireless Networks using Extended MedQoS†. Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 86 – 87, 2009. [6]. M. Baugher, D. McGrew, M. Naslund, E. Carrara, K. Norrman. â€Å"The Secure Real- Time Transport Protocol (SRTP)†. RFC 3711 (Proposed Standard), March 2004. [7] Douglas C. Sicker Tom L. VoIP Security: Not an Afterthought†, FEATURE: Q focus: Voice Over IP, Vol. 2(6), pp. 56-64, 2004. [8] Vesselin I. , Theodor T. , Amdt T. â€Å"Experiences in VoIP telephone network security policy at the University of Applied Sciences (FHTW) Berlin†, Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computer systems and technologi es, Bulgaria, Vol. 285(3), 2007. [9] Wafaa B. D. , Samir T. , Carole B. â€Å"Critical vpn security analysis and new approach for securing voip communications over vpn networks†, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Wireless multimedia networking and performance modelling,Chania, Crete Island, Greece, pp. 2-96, 2007. [10] Nekita A. C. , Chhabria S. A. â€Å"Multiple design patterns for voice over IP security†, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, Mumbai, India, pp. 530 – 534, 2009. Figure 3. 8: VoIP Conversation over Multi Conference Call over WLAN Figure 3. 9: VoIP Conversation over One-to-One Call over WLAN IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Based on the results, implementation of SRTP using GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs are able to generate high quality of VoIP conversation WLAN for one-to-one conversation and multi conference call (many-to-many). After implemented SRTP for multi conference call (many-to-many), the MOS result indicates that G. 711 and G. 726 codec will decrease the performance of VoIP conversation over WLAN. Overall of our finding, it confirms that enable SRTP will improve and increase the quality of one-to-one VoIP conversation and VoIP over multi conference call (only for iLBC, GSM and SPEEX codecs). Since the manual/human MOS tests are quite subjective and less than productive in many ways, there are nowadays a number of software tools that carry out automated MOS testing in a VoIP deployment. Although they lack the human touch, the good thing with these tests is that they take into account all the network ISSN : 0975-3397 902 Copyright of International Journal on Computer Science Engineering is the property of Engg Journals Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. How to cite Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on Voip over, Essay examples

HND Marketing Principle Assessment

Question: Discuss about the HND Marketing Principle Assessment. Answer: Introduction In this study, the focus is on the marketing of the smart phones and how the companies who are in the manufacturing of smart phones deal with the competitive markets and industry. This study will give a brief description about the two companies that are the leading companies of smart phones: iPhone and Samsung. After analyzing and research on this study, the learners will learn and understand about the concepts and procedure of marketing that takes place in both of the companies (Wilkie, and Moore, 2003). In a business organization, there are many departments to manage the entire work o the marketing of the products and service. The revenues and sales of the company mainly dependent on the activities of marketing takes place in the company (Parasuraman, and Grewal, 2000). So, there is a need to develop a dynamic team for the marketing of the products to ensure the profitability and higher sales. Normally, the multinational companies spend and invest big amount of investment in the marketing activities for their products and services. The report represents the marketing strategy of those big companies like Samsung, iPhone, etc. and their marketing environment (Gummesson, 2005). The study is conducted by using various types of concepts of marketing, methods, approaches, position of the company, marketing mix, etc. there are various contexts for all the companies who are into the production of mobile phones. It becomes very important for companies to analyze the marketing condition before framing of plans and policies. The study will describe about the marketing mix that consist of 7 Ps of iPhone and Samsung. The 7 Ps of both the companies will introduce about the types of products manufactured by both and the difference between the products of both companies (Parasuraman, and Zinkhan, 2002). The distribution is also different of iPhone and Samsung. In this way, the place, price, promotion, physical evidence, people, etc will be mentioned. There are various types of additional elements in the marketing mix that directly or indirectly explain about these companies. The discussions will also be on the marketing orientation approach for the launch of new smart p hone in the market. The macro environment that is the internal and external environment for the smart phones companies will be analyzed. It is through the PESTLE and SWOT analysis that are required to be considered while framing the decisions for the marketing. This report will also conduct an analysis on the marketing segmentation, targeting and positioning for the new smart phone (Summers, 2001). In this part of the report, the discussion will take place on the marketing mix for the two companies that are Samsung and iPhone. In this, this part there is an in-depth discussions on the 4 Ps and well as the extended 7 Ps of marketing. iPhone Samsung Product Development of the products in a way that they can be sustained and compete in the markets and industry of smart phones To sustain the competitive advantage, the iPhone company is using the techniques of product differentiation. It refers to planning of the policies and the procedures that are related to the iPhones offered by the iPhone company. Generally, the decision for the products manufactured by apple are related to the functionality, quality, packaging, branding, after sales service. The product portfolio of Samsung is very vast. They use quantity to sustain in the competitive advantage. They have various types of product categories. The varieties of Samsung phone are available at every price. The biggest benefits for the Samsung are that the customers trust this brand (Gummesson, 2003). There is no such differentiation in any other smart phones and Samsung phones as the soft ware used in this company is very basic and android. The uniqueness is that this company phones are the most selling phones in the entire world due the availably of all the features of smart phones on reasonable rates. Place To provide customer convenience to the customers the companies use very effective and efficient procedures that are mentioned here The place plays a vital role in the distribution of the product. The products of apple are available of the authentic stores and apple stores like imagine. The online purchase of apple products takes place on Snapdeal, Flipkart and Amazon. There are more 500 apple stores in the entire world (Castaldo, Premazzi, and Zerbini, 2010). The distribution of this company is little bit restricted as the smart phones of apple are not available at any store. The company has some restrictions in the distribution of the phones. They have apple store for the customers who have any problems and issue with the phone. The same distribution takes place in Samsung company. The stores and outlets of Samsung phone are amazing and they are also sold at authentic retailer sellers. The phones of Samsung are also available online on many online website like Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, paytm, etc. The phones of Samsung are made available in the market and the service centers are also there to solve the problems of customers (Parasuraman, and Colby, 2007). Price The prices are set to attract a large group of customers and the prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions for both the companies The phones of iPhone do not compromise with their price due to any reason. They do not change the price due to the competition and for any other reasons (Phelps et.al. 2004). The price of iPhone smart phones does not go down due to old model. It is a premium seller and this company does not have any compromise with the products and its prices. The price of this phone is determined by the differentiation, uniqueness, and the features. It is a company that o not believes in the competition with any other company of smart phone in terms of process. Thus the strategies of for the pricing their products are as an inspirational item. The smart phones of apple are the most expensive phones. There is no company that can compete with the prices of this brand. It helps the company in maintaining the brand image and the royalty. There are various types of strategies used by this company. They use various methods of pricing like skimming method in which the high value is transferred to the customers as compared to competitors. The pricing strategy of this company is that once the model is old and any competitor launched the same product, than they drop the price (Balmer, and Greyser, 2006). The company Samsung is just opposite from the apple company because the pricing strategy of this company is to attract more customers through reasonable prices of their smart phones. Promotion Promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives Apple is known as a major marketer for its product and services. There are various ways through which the marketing and promotion of apple products takes place that is through events, press, developers, etc. who sell and promote the products of apple live. They use very easy and effective methods in the advertisement of their products and services. The YouTube of apple has more than 3 million subscribers and it has more than 140 millions views on the video. The last video of apple has more than 1 million views. They try to maintain good relations with their experts who help in publishing of the newspapers and magazines and also review them (Rafiq, and Ahmed, 2000). There are multiple types of promotion used by Samsung. It is a company that attracts the customers through advertisement and pricing strategy. They use strong tactics to push the product into the market. It provides many offers, discount, gifts, etc. to the customers. People The additional elements of the extended marketing mix Apple is famous for its operations, unction and process. This company has many factories that work in a very systematic way to produce all the products and services. They are also famous for the kind of simplicity they follow in their company. It can be easily visible and ultimate sophistication from the website and YouTube videos. If anyone wants to see their process of GUI than the websites architecture can help them to find the same. They try to be very helpful and provide good customer service to their customers (Kay, 2006). The motive of the company Samsung is to satisfy the demand of every people so they manufacture the smart phones in a way that they are reasonable and affordable by all. This is one of the unique elements in the Samsung phones. The kinds of people they hire in their company are very efficient and work with the dedication. The process of manufacturing is available on YouTube. They have a systematic flow of the wok and it s also a very simple company that believes in simplicity. The try to follow a particular tradition t manufacture their smart phones and this is the reason due to which the company is enjoying the position of a leading company. Physical Evidence As discussed in the above description, the apple stores are way better than any other smart phones store. This company has wonderful apple store that has a class and provides the customers a delight while visiting the stores of apple. The website of this company is very smooth and designed in a way that it attracts the customers and appeal to it premium and permanent customers with less of words and more art. The type of services provided by this company is very premium as they are professional and know how to deal their customers across the world. The other extended marketing mix are the dress code, paper work, etc. There are many additional services provided by the Samsung to their customers. They also provide Process Apple is company that is very much known fro their operation and procedures. The company has a very systematic Samsung use effective way to manufacture their products and they have a systematic way to work in the organization (Spurling et.al. 2010.). Marketing proposal Sonic is a new company that was initiated in the 2015. It is just an 18 months old company. The company is trying to launch new smart phones in the market. So it requires various types of marketing techniques to establish a reputed place in the smart phones industry. It is knows as sonic 1000. The market segmentation for these products is very specific as the phones of this company are not very famous (Knight, Madsen, and Servais, 2004). The aim of this company is to target the current telecommunication and smart phone market in which the demand for mart phones is very high and it is increasing with the time. There s a need n the expanded communication, storage facilities, entertainments, etc. the primary marketing objective of this company is to achieve a big amount of sale that is 500000 units in the first year of their launch. So the companys primary objective is to have revenue of up to $ 75 million in its first year of launch. The company is also trying to maintain its loss less than $ 8 million in the first year. In this way, the company is planning to go herd. In the second year, the sonic company is hoping to have revenues more than the last year and to become the records also (Stenbacka, 2001). The current marketing situation The current marketing situation of sonic market share is made due to the customers who prefer to purchase the smart phones of sonic company. They chose to use this device that has entertainment, information storage, telecommunications exchange, etc. to ease the data to day activities of the customers (Vachon, and Klassen, 2006). So the aim of the company and they are looking forward to the needs and demands of the customers. They are trying to put all the features in one phone so that the customers can enjoy using sonic smart phones. They can carry a phone that has all the features that are found in any expensive smart phone. They want that customer do not have to carry different devices with them. The aim is to put all the relevant apps and software in one phone which is smart enough. For such reason, the target of sonic are the business organization, corporations, entrepreneurs, professionals, students, medical users, etc. they are also targeting the house wives a there are special features for the women in the phone (Varadarajan, and Yadav, 2002). Marketing planning process The planning for the marketing of sonic products takes place by using various sources. They are using many types of platforms in the advertising and marketing of the sonic smart phones. They are using brand positioning techniques. In this the sonic company is trying to differentiate the products by positioning sonic as the most convenient, versatile and value added product for both; personal and professional (Creswell, 2013). They are using various types of product development strategy like the sonic 1000 will be sold with a warty of one year. There will be free insurance for the phones. They are also saying that at the end of they launched a better high end model in the market that will be known as sonic 2000. They are also using the logos and brand of sonic to promote and to make the sonic brand familiar with the customers (Zahra, Ireland,and Hitt, 2000). Argue marketing oriented approach for the smart phone product Macro i.e., external (PESTLE) Political Environmental Social Technological Legal Economic Government rules Regulation stability Rules and regulation related to environment Government interventions Culture Trend Change in technology Updated technology Laws Legal obligations Changes in the countrys economy Currency value Strengths The company sonic has an advantage to be innovative and creative for the beginning of its launch as they offer as large number of features on a single gadget. They also provide many types of securities as they run on a Linux operating system. The operating system of sonic 1000 is also priced model than many other models (McDougall, and Oviatt, 2000). The company has an advantage to get benefits of a new venture as it is new company. There are many types of remedies and subsidiaries provided by the government to such kind of companies. Sonic smart phones have a quality that it has all the features that expensive companies smart hone have. In this way, a sonic smart phone has the caliber to capture a big market share in future. The strength of this company is the innovation and creativity used by this company (Li, and Gima, 2001). Weaknesses The major weakness of this company is that sonic 1000 is lacking of brand awareness. The brand promotion and advertisement of this company are not very effective and efficient. They do not have any prominent marketing strategies to promote their products (Shane, and Venkataraman, 2000). Since the company is new to the market, they have to lots of competition due to the poor marketing and branding of the smart phones. The other weakness of this phone is the physical appearance and physical appearance. The appearance of the phone is slightly thicker as compared to the other smart phones (Oviatt, and McDougall, 2005). The weight of the phones is also heavy due to the combination of all the features its phones have. It is the reason due to which company is facing many issues and problems. The fact is that the customers now want a sleek and light weighted phone that looks ice and decent. It is very heavy as compared to other brands phones that are slimmer and lighter with great looks. It is one of the biggest weaknesses of the smart phones manufactured by sonic (Li, and Zhang, 2007). Opportunities The biggest opportunity of this company is that the smart phones of sonic are in high demand since they come to the market as the phones have many functions. The other opportunity with sonic is that this company has the availability of the cost effective technology that is available at lower cost (Gruber, 2004). The smart phones are very reasonable and can be affordable by a medium class people. It has allowed the company to add value to the smart phones by increasing the profits of the company. Threats The major threat for sonic smart phones is the competition. There are many Smartphone producers in the mobile industry due to which the new companies have to face competition. The old companies are established with effective marketing and branding of their products in such situations, it has become difficult for the smart phone companies to establish their business. The market is flooded with the smart phone companies due to which sonic company have to face issues with the pricing of it products (Dess, and Lumpkin, 2005). Sonic company has to reduce the prices to the pricing of other smart phones. It is the only way to cut down the competition present in the mobile industry. Another fact for sonic smart phone company is the minimal product life cycle of the smart phones. This is the reason due to which the company has to add new features, bring innovation and creativity timely. The segmentation for the population of product of sonic are very common there are no specific difference as the company is new to the market and they first have to establish awareness of the smart phones manufactured by them (Stevenson, and Jarillo, 2007). In this way, they can divide their broad customers base into small segments which helps in targeting and brand positioning of sonic products. Behavior segmentation- this type of division divide the population according to the behavior of the customers Benefit segmentation- this type of segmentation is the most fruitful for the companies as it provided various types of benefits to the company itself. Demographic segmentation- it refers to the segmentation in which is the widest segmentation for the company. It refers to age, gender, family, size, occupation, income, race, nationality, etc. Psychographic segmentation- it is related to the lifestyle, activities, interests, opinions, etc of the market segment. Targeting and positioning For the positioning of the brand, sonic used differentiation in their products as it is one of the convenient way to specify the product. It also helps in developing high vale, versatility and convenience to both the customers as well as producers. The brand positioning takes place by analyzing the demands of the customers and try to fulfill them in the bet way. Marketing mix in different concepts 7 Ps for both customers and business markets Product strategy- The product strategy of this company is that they sold sonic 1000 at a warranty of one year. They are using various types of product development strategy like the sonic 1000 will be sold with a warty of one year. There will be free insurance for the phones. They are also saying that at the end of they launched a better high end model in the market that will be known as sonic 2000. They are also using the logos and brand of sonic to promote and to make the sonic brand familiar with the customers. Pricing strategy- The pricing strategy of this phone is very effective as they use basic pricing methods for the sonic smart phones. The sonic 1000 will be introduced at the price of $ 150 that is the whole sale price of the hone. The retail price for the same phone is $ 199. But at the time of launch the pricing of the sonic 1000 was $ 175 wholesale for per unit. Place- Sonic Company intends to use very selective and particular distribution strategy in their company. The strategy of the company is to distribute the phones only at well known, reputed and online stores. The motive behind this is to manage the value of the phone in the eyes of customers. It will help the company to use particular media to reach to their customers People- The motive of the company sonic are to satisfy the demands of every people due to this they manufacture the smart phones in a way that they are reasonable and affordable by all. This is one of the unique elements in the sonic phones. The kinds of people they hire in their company are very efficient and work with the dedication. They have a systematic flow of the wok and it s also a very simple company that believes in simplicity (Shepherd, Douglas, and Shanley, 2000). Physical evidence- The Company has much evidence like they have data, information, dress code, customers feedbacks, etc as the physical evidence. Process- The type of procedure used by this company is very much effective. Application of marketing mix while new product launched in international markets At the time of launch of the product of sonic phones the company analyzed its various internal and external factors ha can emphasize the product. There is an analysis of all the 4 Ps of the company as well as the extended 7 Ps of sonic company. It has helped the company is identifying the success of the company in the future (Castaldo, Premazzi, and Zerbini, 2010). Conclusion The conclusion of the present study is that marketing of the smart phones has become very important due to the fact that there is a huge competition in the smart phones industry. There are not only multinational companies who are manufacturing smart phones but also many small companies how provide equal competition. In order to remain in the race of smart phones, the company le apple also has to develop strong marketing and advertisement of their company. In this report, we have studied various factors that impact the organizations internal and external environment. In his way there were also discussions on the smart phones like apple and Samsung that are the leading companies in the smart phone. From this study it becomes very clear that marketing management plays a vital role in the promotion of the companies. The companies have to maintain a good marketing strategy in their organization. It can be done through analysis of mart and marketing factors that influence the working of th e companies. We have studies about the marketing mix of apple and Samsung from which an in-depth about the companies has received. From this report, it becomes clear that it is not easy for a new company to start their business in such competitive environment for the smart phone industry. Hence, there is a requirement to identify and analyze the environment of smart phone industry. 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